Food Microbiology and Nutrition

Probiotics, Prebiotics & Gut Microbiome

The study of probiotics, prebiotics, and the gut microbiome has revolutionized modern nutrition and health sciences. The human gut hosts trillions of microorganisms that influence metabolism, immune responses, mental health, and disease susceptibility. Probiotics beneficial live microbes—along with prebiotics, which are substrates that nourish them, offer promising avenues for modulating gut ecology and improving overall well-being. Current research delves into strain-specific benefits, mechanisms of action, and targeted applications for conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, allergies, and metabolic disorders. Advances in metagenomics and systems biology enable detailed mapping of gut microbial networks, helping identify functional biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The development of next-generation probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics further expands clinical and food industry innovations. Formulation stability, regulatory standards, and personalized nutrition approaches are also gaining prominence. As evidence continues to grow, the integration of microbiome science into functional foods, dietary guidelines, and precision health strategies holds immense potential for transforming disease prevention and nutritional interventions.